3x0e
Crystal structure of the ectodomain of human CD81 large extracellular loop (hCD81-LEL)
Structural highlights
DiseaseCD81_HUMAN Defects in CD81 are the cause of immunodeficiency common variable type 6 (CVID6) [MIM:613496; also called antibody deficiency due to CD81 defect. CVID6 is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by antibody deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections and an inability to mount an antibody response to antigen. The defect results from a failure of B-cell differentiation and impaired secretion of immunoglobulins; the numbers of circulating B-cells is usually in the normal range, but can be low.[1] FunctionCD81_HUMAN May play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. Interacts with a 16-kDa Leu-13 protein to form a complex possibly involved in signal transduction. May act as the viral receptor for HCV. Publication Abstract from PubMedHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases; however, HCV vaccine remains unavailable to date. One main obstacle is the lack of an efficient small animal model. Cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81) is an essential entry coreceptor for HCV species specificity to human, though the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. We performed structural, biophysical, and virologic studies on HCV nonpermissive CD81s from mouse and African green monkey [mouse cluster of differentiation 81 (mCD81) and African green monkey cluster of differentiation 81 (agmCD81)] and compared with human cluster of differentiation 81 (hCD81). We discovered an intramolecular hydrogen bond (Gln188-Nepsilon2-H: Glu196-Oepsilon2, 2 A, 124 degrees ) within the large extracellular loop (LEL) of mCD81 and a salt bridge (Lys188-Nzeta: Asp196-Odelta2, 2.4 A) within agmCD81-LEL between 188-196 residues. This structural feature is missing in hCD81. We demonstrated that the introduction of a single 188-196 bond to hCD81 impaired its binding affinity to HCV envelope glycoprotein 2 (HCV E2) and significantly decreased HCV pseudoviral particle (HCVpp) entry efficiency (4.92- to 8.42-fold) and cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) infectivity (4.55-fold), despite the availability of Phe186. For HCV nonpermissive CD81s, the introduction of Phe186 by Leu186F substitution alone was insufficient to confer HCV permissiveness. The disruption of the original 188-196 bond and Leu186F substitution were both required for potent binding to HCV E2 HCVpp entry efficiency and HCVcc infectivity. Our structural and biophysical analyses suggest that the intramolecular 188-196 bond restricts the intrinsic conformational dynamics of D-helix of CD81-LEL, which is essential for HCV entry, thus impairs HCV permissiveness. Our findings reveal a novel molecular determinant for HCV entry in addition to the well-characterized Phe186 and provide further guideline for selecting an HCV small animal model.-Yang, W., Zhang, M., Chi, X., Liu, X., Qin, B., Cui, S. An intramolecular bond at cluster of differentiation 81 ectodomain is important for hepatitis C virus entry. An intramolecular bond at cluster of differentiation 81 ectodomain is important for hepatitis C virus entry.,Yang W, Zhang M, Chi X, Liu X, Qin B, Cui S FASEB J. 2015 Jun 26. pii: fj.15-272880. PMID:26116703[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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