4u86
Human Pin1 with cysteine sulfonic acid 113
Structural highlights
FunctionPIN1_HUMAN Essential PPIase that regulates mitosis presumably by interacting with NIMA and attenuating its mitosis-promoting activity. Displays a preference for an acidic residue N-terminal to the isomerized proline bond. Catalyzes pSer/Thr-Pro cis/trans isomerizations. Down-regulates kinase activity of BTK. Can transactivate multiple oncogenes and induce centrosome amplification, chromosome instability and cell transformation. Required for the efficient dephosphorylation and recycling of RAF1 after mitogen activation.[1] [2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe unique proline isomerase Pin1 is pivotal for protecting against age-dependent neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with its inhibition providing a molecular link between tangle and plaque pathologies. Pin1 is oxidatively modified in human AD brains, but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms and pathological significance of such Pin1 modification. In this paper, our determination of crystal structures of oxidized Pin1 reveals a series of Pin1 oxidative modifications on Cys113 in a sequential fashion. Cys113 oxidization is further confirmed by generating antibodies specifically recognizing oxidized Cys113 of Pin1. Furthermore, Pin1 oxidation on Cys113 inactivates its catalytic activity in vitro, and Ala point substitution of Cys113 inactivates the ability of Pin1 to isomerize tau as well as to promote protein turnover of tau and APP. Moreover, redox regulation affects Pin1 subcellular localization and Pin1-mediated neuronal survival in response to hypoxia treatment. Importantly, Cys113-oxidized Pin1 is significantly increased in human AD brain comparing to age-matched controls. These results not only identify a novel Pin1 oxidation site to be the critical catalytic residue Cys113, but also provide a novel oxidative regulation mechanism for inhibiting Pin1 activity in AD. These results suggest that preventing Pin1 oxidization might help to reduce the risk of AD. Pin1 cysteine-113 oxidation inhibits its catalytic activity and cellular function in Alzheimer's disease.,Chen CH, Li W, Sultana R, You MH, Kondo A, Shahpasand K, Kim BM, Luo ML, Nechama M, Lin YM, Yao Y, Lee TH, Zhou XZ, Swomley AM, Allan Butterfield D, Zhang Y, Lu KP Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Apr;76:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.027. Epub 2015 Jan, 6. PMID:25576397[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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