4zzm

Human ERK2 in complex with an irreversible inhibitor

spinqualitylabelsall models 4zzm, resolution 1.89Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 4zzm is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Method: X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.89Å Ligands: CME, CQ6, SO4 Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Function MK01_HUMAN Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. May play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to a [GC]AAA[GC] consensus sequence. Repress the expression of interferon gamma-induced genes. Seems to bind to the promoter of CCL5, DMP1, IFIH1, IFITM1, IRF7, IRF9, LAMP3, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and STAT1. Transcriptional activity is independent of kinase activity. Publication Abstract from PubMed The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway has been targeted with a number of small molecule inhibitors in oncology clinical development across multiple disease indications. Importantly, cell lines with acquired resistance to B-RAF and MEK inhibitors have been shown to maintain sensitivity to ERK1/2 inhibition by small molecule inhibitors. There are a number of selective, non-covalent, ERK1/2 inhibitors reported along with the promiscuous hypothemycin (and related analogues) which act via a covalent mechanism of action. This manuscript reports the identification of multiple series of highly selective covalent ERK1/2 inhibitors informed by structure-based drug design (SBDD). As a starting point for these covalent inhibitors, both reported ERK1/2 inhibitors and chemical series identified via high-throughput screening, were exploited. These approaches resulted in the identification of selective covalent tool compounds for potential in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the risks and or benefits of targeting this pathway through such a mechanism of action. Structure-guided Design of Highly Selective and Potent Covalent Inhibitors of ERK1/2.,Ward RA, Colclough N, Challinor M, Debreczeni J, Eckersley K, Fairley G, Feron L, Flemington V, Graham MA, Greenwood R, Hopcroft P, Howard TD, James M, Jones CD, Jones CR, Renshaw J, Roberts K, Snow L, Tonge M, Yeung K J Med Chem. 2015 May 15. PMID:25977981 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures

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