Neurosteroids: Difference between revisions
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Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. | Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors. | ||
'''Inhibitory neurosteroids''' | '''[[Inhibitory neurosteroids]]''' | ||
These neurosteroids exert inhibitory actions on neurotransmission. They act as positive allosteric modulators of the [[GABAA receptor]] (especially δ subunit-containing isoforms), and possess, in no particular order, antidepressant, anxiolytic, stress-reducing, rewarding, prosocial, antiaggressive, prosexual, sedative, pro-sleep, cognitive and memory-impairing, analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects. | These neurosteroids exert inhibitory actions on neurotransmission. They act as positive allosteric modulators of the [[GABAA receptor]] (especially δ subunit-containing isoforms), and possess, in no particular order, antidepressant, anxiolytic, stress-reducing, rewarding, prosocial, antiaggressive, prosexual, sedative, pro-sleep, cognitive and memory-impairing, analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects. | ||
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Major examples include <scene name='89/896619/Cv/7'>tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone</scene> (THDOC; from [[5osb]]), the androstane 3α-androstanediol, the cholestane cholesterol and the pregnanes pregnanolone (eltanolone), allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP). | Major examples include <scene name='89/896619/Cv/7'>tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone</scene> (THDOC; from [[5osb]]), the androstane 3α-androstanediol, the cholestane cholesterol and the pregnanes pregnanolone (eltanolone), allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP). | ||
'''Excitatory neurosteroids''' | '''[[Excitatory neurosteroids]]''' | ||
These neurosteroids have excitatory effects on neurotransmission. They act as potent negative allosteric modulators of the [[GABAA receptor]], weak positive allosteric modulators of the NMDA receptor, and/or agonists of the σ1 receptor, and mostly have antidepressant, anxiogenic, cognitive and memory-enhancing, convulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects. Major examples include the pregnanes pregnenolone sulfate (PS), epipregnanolone, and isopregnanolone (sepranolone), the androstanes dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; prasterone), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate), and the cholestane 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (NMDA receptor-selective; very potent). | These neurosteroids have excitatory effects on neurotransmission. They act as potent negative allosteric modulators of the [[GABAA receptor]], weak positive allosteric modulators of the NMDA receptor, and/or agonists of the σ1 receptor, and mostly have antidepressant, anxiogenic, cognitive and memory-enhancing, convulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects. Major examples include the pregnanes pregnenolone sulfate (PS), epipregnanolone, and isopregnanolone (sepranolone), the androstanes dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; prasterone), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S; prasterone sulfate), and the cholestane 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (NMDA receptor-selective; very potent). | ||
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'''Pheromones''' | '''Pheromones''' | ||
Pheromones are neurosteroids that influence brain activity, notably hypothalamic function, via activation of vomeronasal receptor cells. | Pheromones are neurosteroids that influence brain activity, notably hypothalamic function, via activation of vomeronasal receptor cells. | ||
They include the androstanes androstadienol, androstadienone, androstenol, and androstenone and the estrane estratetraenol | They include the androstanes androstadienol, androstadienone, androstenol, and androstenone and the estrane estratetraenol. | ||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
Revision as of 13:09, 26 December 2021
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