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Ribonuclease (RNase) degrades RNA. The endonucleases cleave single or double stranded RNA and include RNase III, A, T1 H and P. Exo-RNases remove terminal nucleotide from the ends of the RNA molecule. They include RNase II D, T, PH, Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) and oligoribonuclease (ORNase). 

RNase A cleaves C or U of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).
RNase BA is RNase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
RNase D degrades 3'-end pre-tRNA.
RNase H cleaves RNA/DNA double-strand to produce ssDNA.
RNase I cleaves 3'-end of ssRNA.
RNase II degrades 3'-end ssRNA.
RNase III cleaves rRNA.
RNase 5 is known as angiogenin and is a potent stimulator of new blood vessels formation.
RNase P is a ribozyme.
RNase S is RNase A cleaved by subtilisin.
RNase SA is RNase from Streptomyces auerofaciens.
RNase T is involved in RNA maturation.
RNase T1 cleaves 3'-end G from ssRNA.
RNase U2 cleaves 3'-end A from ssRNA.
α-sarcin is a cytotoxic RNase which cleaves a phosphodiester bond in a conserved rRNA loop and inactivates the ribosome.
oligoribonuclease is an exoribonuclease which cleaves 3'-end of viral RNA-DNA hybrid.
Polynucleotide phosphorylase is a bifunctional enzyme which has exoribonuclease activity.
Binase is a microbial RNase which cleaves endonucleolyticly ssRNA.
Poly(A)-specific RNase cleaves exonucleolyticly the poly(A) tail.

For more details on RNase A see:

For RNase B and RNase S see RNaseS RNaseB.

Active Site of Ribonuclease A

Ribonuclease A cleaves RNA strands by catalyzing a transphosphorylation reaction where the 2'-OH of the ribose sugar attacks the neighboring phosphate, releasing the ribose on the the other side of the phosphate. This structure shows ribonuclease A (in blue) bound to short DNA strand composed of four thymidines (in pink). Ribonuclease binds tightly to DNA, but since DNA is missing the 2'-OH, ribonuclease does not cleave it. Three amino acids are shown that are important for catalysis. The 3' carbon on the DNA is shown in red--it is the site where the 2'-OH is connected in RNA. The two histidines perform the proton transfers that are needed in the reaction, and the lysine stabilizes the intermediate that is formed as the 2'-OH attacks the phosphate. Ribonuclease cleaves RNA strands best next to cytidine and uridine nucleotides--the reason for this may be seen in a spacefilling representation. Notice that the small pyrimidine base is surrounded by protein atoms. A larger purine base would not fit well in this space.^[1]

Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')

<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=> This is a default text for your page Temp. Click above on edit this page to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs. You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia ^[2] or to the article describing Jmol ^[3] to the rescue.

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↑ Birdsall DL, McPherson A. Crystal structure disposition of thymidylic acid tetramer in complex with ribonuclease A. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):22230-6. PMID:1429575
↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644

3D structures of ribonuclease

Updated on 21-December-2014

This is a sample scene created with SAT to color by Group, and another to make a transparent representation of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.

References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel

[1] Birdsall DL, McPherson A. Crystal structure disposition of thymidylic acid tetramer in complex with ribonuclease A. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):22230-6. PMID:1429575

[2] Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024

[3] Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644

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Active Site of Ribonuclease A

Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')

Function

Disease

Relevance

Structural highlights

3D structures of ribonuclease

References

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