1s2j

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Crystal structure of the Drosophila pattern-recognition receptor PGRP-SA

Structural highlights

1s2j is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Drosophila melanogaster. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.2Å
Ligands:PO4
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

PGPSA_DROME Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immnunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and activating the Toll pathway. Has no activity against on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Shows some partial redundancy with PRPGP-SD in Gram-positive bacteria recognition. May act by forming a complex with GNBP1 that activates the proteolytic cleavage of Spatzle and the subsequent activation of Toll pathway. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type tetrapeptide PGN (DAP-type PGN) and lysine-type PGN (Lys-type PGN). Has some L,D-carboxypeptidase activity for DAP-type PGN, which are specific to prokaryotes, but not for Lys-type PGN.[1] [2] [3] [4]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (PGRP-SA) is critically involved in sensing bacterial infection and activating the Toll signaling pathway, which induces the expression of specific antimicrobial peptide genes. We have determined the crystal structure of PGRP-SA to 2.2-A resolution and analyzed its peptidoglycan (PG) recognition and signaling activities. We found an extended surface groove in the structure of PGRP-SA, lined with residues that are highly diverse among different PGRPs. Mutational analysis identified it as a PG docking groove required for Toll signaling and showed that residue Ser158 is essential for both PG binding and Toll activation. Contrary to the general belief that PGRP-SA has lost enzyme function and serves primarily for PG sensing, we found that it possesses an intrinsic L,D-carboxypeptidase activity for diaminopimelic acid-type tetrapeptide PG fragments but not lysine-type PG fragments, and that Ser158 and His42 may participate in the hydrolytic activity. As L,D-configured peptide bonds exist only in prokaryotes, this work reveals a rare enzymatic activity in a eukaryotic protein known for sensing bacteria and provides a possible explanation of how PGRP-SA mediates Toll activation specifically in response to lysine-type PG.

A Drosophila pattern recognition receptor contains a peptidoglycan docking groove and unusual L,D-carboxypeptidase activity.,Chang CI, Pili-Floury S, Herve M, Parquet C, Chelliah Y, Lemaitre B, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Deisenhofer J PLoS Biol. 2004 Sep;2(9):E277. Epub 2004 Sep 7. PMID:15361936[5]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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References

  1. ↑ Michel T, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA, Royet J. Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):756-9. PMID:11742401 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414756a
  2. ↑ Gobert V, Gottar M, Matskevich AA, Rutschmann S, Royet J, Belvin M, Hoffmann JA, Ferrandon D. Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors. Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2126-30. PMID:14684822 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1085432
  3. ↑ Pili-Floury S, Leulier F, Takahashi K, Saigo K, Samain E, Ueda R, Lemaitre B. In vivo RNA interference analysis reveals an unexpected role for GNBP1 in the defense against Gram-positive bacterial infection in Drosophila adults. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 26;279(13):12848-53. Epub 2004 Jan 13. PMID:14722090 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M313324200
  4. ↑ Bischoff V, Vignal C, Boneca IG, Michel T, Hoffmann JA, Royet J. Function of the drosophila pattern-recognition receptor PGRP-SD in the detection of Gram-positive bacteria. Nat Immunol. 2004 Nov;5(11):1175-80. Epub 2004 Sep 26. PMID:15448690 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1123
  5. ↑ Chang CI, Pili-Floury S, Herve M, Parquet C, Chelliah Y, Lemaitre B, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Deisenhofer J. A Drosophila pattern recognition receptor contains a peptidoglycan docking groove and unusual L,D-carboxypeptidase activity. PLoS Biol. 2004 Sep;2(9):E277. Epub 2004 Sep 7. PMID:15361936 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020277

Contents


PDB ID 1s2j

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OCA

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