Structural highlights
Function
Q0ED31_9HIV1 The envelope glyprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface (By similarity).[RuleBase:RU004292][SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Efforts to design an effective antibody-based vaccine against HIV-1 would benefit from understanding how germ-line B-cell receptors (BCRs) recognize the HIV-1 gp120/gp41 envelope spike. Potent VRC01-like (PVL) HIV-1 antibodies derived from the VH1-2*02 germ-line allele target the conserved CD4 binding site on gp120. A bottleneck for design of immunogens capable of eliciting PVL antibodies is that VH1-2*02 germ-line BCR interactions with gp120 are uncharacterized. Here, we report the structure of a VH1-2*02 germ-line antibody alone and a germ-line heavy-chain/mature light-chain chimeric antibody complexed with HIV-1 gp120. VH1-2*02 residues make extensive contacts with the gp120 outer domain, including all PVL signature and CD4 mimicry interactions, but not critical CDRH3 contacts with the gp120 inner domain and bridging sheet that are responsible for the improved potency of NIH45-46 over closely related clonal variants, such as VRC01. Our results provide insight into initial recognition of HIV-1 by VH1-2*02 germ-line BCRs and may facilitate the design of immunogens tailored to engage and stimulate broad and potent CD4 binding site antibodies.
Structural basis for HIV-1 gp120 recognition by a germ-line version of a broadly neutralizing antibody.,Scharf L, West AP Jr, Gao H, Lee T, Scheid JF, Nussenzweig MC, Bjorkman PJ, Diskin R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):6049-54. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1303682110. Epub 2013 Mar 22. PMID:23524883[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Scharf L, West AP Jr, Gao H, Lee T, Scheid JF, Nussenzweig MC, Bjorkman PJ, Diskin R. Structural basis for HIV-1 gp120 recognition by a germ-line version of a broadly neutralizing antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):6049-54. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1303682110. Epub 2013 Mar 22. PMID:23524883 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303682110
