Structural highlights
Function
VL1_HPV16 Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=7 symmetry and a 50 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 72 pentamers linked to each other by disulfide bonds and associated with L2 proteins. Binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surface of basal layer keratinocytes to provide initial virion attachment. This binding mediates a conformational change in the virus capsid that facilitates efficient infection. The virion enters the host cell via endocytosis. During virus trafficking, L1 protein dissociates from the viral DNA and the genomic DNA is released to the host nucleus. The virion assembly takes place within the cell nucleus. Encapsulates the genomic DNA together with protein L2.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04002][1] [2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant health burden and leading cause of virus-induced cancers. The current commercial vaccines are genotype specific and provide little therapeutic benefit to patients with existing HPV infections. Host entry mechanisms represent an excellent target for alternative therapeutics, but HPV receptor use, the details of cell attachment, and host entry are inadequately understood. Here we present near-atomic resolution structures of the HPV16 capsid and HPV16 in complex with heparin, both determined from cryoelectron micrographs collected with direct electron detection technology. The structures clarify details of capsid architecture for the first time, including variation in L1 major capsid protein conformation and putative location of L2 minor protein. Heparin binds specifically around the capsid icosahedral vertices and may recapitulate the earliest stage of infection, providing a framework for continuing biochemical, genetic, and biophysical studies.
Cryoelectron Microscopy Maps of Human Papillomavirus 16 Reveal L2 Densities and Heparin Binding Site.,Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Christensen ND, Hafenstein S Structure. 2016 Dec 31. pii: S0969-2126(16)30391-4. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2016.12.001. PMID:28065506[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Bousarghin L, Touze A, Sizaret PY, Coursaget P. Human papillomavirus types 16, 31, and 58 use different endocytosis pathways to enter cells. J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(6):3846-50. PMID:12610160
- ↑ Surviladze Z, Sterkand RT, Ozbun MA. Interaction of human papillomavirus type 16 particles with heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 molecules in the keratinocyte extracellular matrix plays an active role in infection. J Gen Virol. 2015 Aug;96(8):2232-41. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000147. PMID:26289843 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000147
- ↑ Heino P, Dillner J, Schwartz S. Human papillomavirus type 16 capsid proteins produced from recombinant Semliki Forest virus assemble into virus-like particles. Virology. 1995 Dec 20;214(2):349-59. PMID:8553535 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.0044
- ↑ Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Christensen ND, Hafenstein S. Cryoelectron Microscopy Maps of Human Papillomavirus 16 Reveal L2 Densities and Heparin Binding Site. Structure. 2016 Dec 31. pii: S0969-2126(16)30391-4. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2016.12.001. PMID:28065506 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2016.12.001
