7jy4
From Proteopedia
hALK in complex with ((1S,2S)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)cyclopropyl)methanamine
Structural highlights
DiseaseALK_HUMAN Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) with NPM1. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated. The constitutively active fusion proteins are responsible for 5-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Translocation t(2;11)(p23;p15) with CARS; translocation t(2;4)(p23;q21) with SEC31A. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Translocation t(2;17)(p23;q25) with ALO17. Defects in ALK are the cause of susceptibility to neuroblastoma type 3 (NBLST3) [MIM:613014. Neuroblastoma is a common neoplasm of early childhood arising from embryonic cells that form the primitive neural crest and give rise to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.[1] [2] [3] Note=The ALK signaling pathway plays an important role in glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal cancers. It regulates both glioblastoma migration and growth. FunctionALK_HUMAN Neuronal orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system. Transduces signals from ligands at the cell surface, through specific activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. Following activation by ligand, ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, FRS2, IRS1 and SHC1, as well as of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Acts as a receptor for ligands pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted growth factor, and midkine (MDK), a PTN-related factor, thus participating in PTN and MDK signal transduction. PTN-binding induces MAPK pathway activation, which is important for the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation. MDK-binding induces phosphorylation of the ALK target insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase, resulting also in cell proliferation induction. Drives NF-kappa-B activation, probably through IRS1 and the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Recruitment of IRS1 to activated ALK and the activation of NF-kappa-B are essential for the autocrine growth and survival signaling of MDK.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Publication Abstract from PubMedFragment screening is frequently used for hit identification. However, there was no report starting from a small fragment for the development of an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, despite the number of ALK inhibitors reported. We began our research with the fragment hit F-1 and our subsequent linker design, and its docking analysis yielded novel cis-1,2,2-trisubstituted cyclopropane 1. The fragment information was integrated with a structure-based approach to improve upon the selectivity over tropomyosin receptor kinase A, leading to the potent and highly selective ALK inhibitor, 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy-cis-1,2,2-trisubstituted cyclopropane 12. This work shows that fragments become a powerful tool for both lead generation and optimization, such as the improvement of selectivity, by combining them with a structure-based drug design approach, resulting in the fast and efficient development of a novel, potent, and highly selective compound. Discovery of Novel and Highly Selective Cyclopropane ALK Inhibitors through a Fragment-Assisted, Structure-Based Drug Design.,Fujimori I, Wakabayashi T, Murakami M, Okabe A, Ishii T, McGrath A, Zou H, Saikatendu KS, Imoto H ACS Omega. 2020 Nov 30;5(49):31984-32001. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04900., eCollection 2020 Dec 15. PMID:33344853[15] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Loading citation details.. Citations 1 reviews cite this structure No citations found See AlsoReferences
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