Structural highlights
Disease
GBRG2_HUMAN Childhood absence epilepsy;Dravet syndrome;Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures-plus. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
GBRG2_HUMAN Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A)Rs) are pentameric ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate fast inhibitory signalling in neural circuits(1,2) and can be modulated by essential medicines including general anaesthetics and benzodiazepines(3). Human GABA(A)R subunits are encoded by 19 paralogous genes that can, in theory, give rise to 495,235 receptor types. However, the principles that govern the formation of pentamers, the permutational landscape of receptors that may emerge from a subunit set and the effect that this has on GABAergic signalling remain largely unknown. Here we use cryogenic electron microscopy to determine the structures of extrasynaptic GABA(A)Rs assembled from alpha4, beta3 and delta subunits, and their counterparts incorporating gamma2 instead of delta subunits. In each case, we identified two receptor subtypes with distinct stoichiometries and arrangements, all four differing from those previously observed for synaptic, alpha1-containing receptors(4-7). This, in turn, affects receptor responses to physiological and synthetic modulators by creating or eliminating ligand-binding sites at subunit interfaces. We provide structural and functional evidence that selected GABA(A)R arrangements can act as coincidence detectors, simultaneously responding to two neurotransmitters: GABA and histamine. Using assembly simulations and single-cell RNA sequencing data(8,9), we calculated the upper bounds for receptor diversity in recombinant systems and in vivo. We propose that differential assembly is a pervasive mechanism for regulating the physiology and pharmacology of GABA(A)Rs.
Differential assembly diversifies GABA(A) receptor structures and signalling.,Sente A, Desai R, Naydenova K, Malinauskas T, Jounaidi Y, Miehling J, Zhou X, Masiulis S, Hardwick SW, Chirgadze DY, Miller KW, Aricescu AR Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7904):190-194. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04517-3. Epub 2022 , Mar 30. PMID:35355020[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Pritchett DB, Sontheimer H, Shivers BD, Ymer S, Kettenmann H, Schofield PR, Seeburg PH. Importance of a novel GABAA receptor subunit for benzodiazepine pharmacology. Nature. 1989 Apr 13;338(6216):582-5. PMID:2538761 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338582a0
- ↑ Sente A, Desai R, Naydenova K, Malinauskas T, Jounaidi Y, Miehling J, Zhou X, Masiulis S, Hardwick SW, Chirgadze DY, Miller KW, Aricescu AR. Differential assembly diversifies GABA(A) receptor structures and signalling. Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7904):190-194. PMID:35355020 doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04517-3
