7yzg

Structural highlights

Function

FOXH1_XENLA Transcriptional activator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGT[GT][GT]ATT-3'. Upon TGF-beta induction, forms a transcriptionally active complex with smad2 and smad4 called activin-responsive factor 1 (ARF1), which binds a site on the mix-B/mix.2 promoter called the activin response element (ARE). Binds to activated smads and the ARE with much lower affinity than fast3. Necessary for the first steps in mesoderm specification, directly inducing mesodermal genes. Acts with fast3 to control the convergent extension movements of gastrulation. Binds to the proximal element (PE) of the gsc gene and cooperates with gtf2ird1/wbscr11 and SMAD proteins to regulate gsc transcription.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

See Also

• FOX 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Weisberg E, Winnier GE, Chen X, Farnsworth CL, Hogan BL, Whitman M. A mouse homologue of FAST-1 transduces TGF beta superfamily signals and is expressed during early embryogenesis. Mech Dev. 1998 Dec;79(1-2):17-27. doi: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00160-9. PMID:10349617 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00160-9
2. ↑ Yeo CY, Chen X, Whitman M. The role of FAST-1 and Smads in transcriptional regulation by activin during early Xenopus embryogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 10;274(37):26584-90. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26584. PMID:10473623 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.37.26584
3. ↑ Watanabe M, Whitman M. FAST-1 is a key maternal effector of mesoderm inducers in the early Xenopus embryo. Development. 1999 Dec;126(24):5621-34. PMID:10572039
4. ↑ Ring C, Ogata S, Meek L, Song J, Ohta T, Miyazono K, Cho KW. The role of a Williams-Beuren syndrome-associated helix-loop-helix domain-containing transcription factor in activin/nodal signaling. Genes Dev. 2002 Apr 1;16(7):820-35. doi: 10.1101/gad.963802. PMID:11937490 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.963802
5. ↑ Howell M, Inman GJ, Hill CS. A novel Xenopus Smad-interacting forkhead transcription factor (XFast-3) cooperates with XFast-1 in regulating gastrulation movements. Development. 2002 Jun;129(12):2823-34. doi: 10.1242/dev.129.12.2823. PMID:12050132 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.12.2823
6. ↑ Chen X, Rubock MJ, Whitman M. A transcriptional partner for MAD proteins in TGF-beta signalling. Nature. 1996 Oct 24;383(6602):691-6. doi: 10.1038/383691a0. PMID:8878477 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383691a0
7. ↑ Chen X, Weisberg E, Fridmacher V, Watanabe M, Naco G, Whitman M. Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor. Nature. 1997 Sep 4;389(6646):85-9. doi: 10.1038/38008. PMID:9288972 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38008