| Structural highlights
Function
C3W5S1_I09A0 Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore (By similarity).[SAAS:SAAS013829_004_327643][RuleBase:RU003324]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Germinal centers (GC) are microanatomical lymphoid structures where affinity-matured memory B cells and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells are primarily generated. It is unclear how the maturation of B cells within the GC impacts the breadth and durability of B cell responses to influenza vaccination in humans. We used fine needle aspiration of draining lymph nodes to longitudinally track antigen-specific GC B cell responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Antigen-specific GC B cells persisted for at least 13 wk after vaccination in two out of seven individuals. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from persisting GC B cell clones exhibit enhanced binding affinity and breadth to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigens compared with related GC clonotypes isolated earlier in the response. Structural studies of early and late GC-derived mAbs from one clonal lineage in complex with H1 and H5 HAs revealed an altered binding footprint. Our study shows that inducing sustained GC reactions after influenza vaccination in humans supports the maturation of responding B cells.
Maturation of germinal center B cells after influenza virus vaccination in humans.,McIntire KM, Meng H, Lin TH, Kim W, Moore NE, Han J, McMahon M, Wang M, Malladi SK, Mohammed BM, Zhou JQ, Schmitz AJ, Hoehn KB, Carreno JM, Yellin T, Suessen T, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Presti RM, Krammer F, Turner JS, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Kleinstein SH, Ellebedy AH J Exp Med. 2024 Aug 5;221(8):e20240668. doi: 10.1084/jem.20240668. Epub 2024 Jun , 27. PMID:38935072[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ McIntire KM, Meng H, Lin TH, Kim W, Moore NE, Han J, McMahon M, Wang M, Malladi SK, Mohammed BM, Zhou JQ, Schmitz AJ, Hoehn KB, Carreño JM, Yellin T, Suessen T, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Presti RM, Krammer F, Turner JS, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Kleinstein SH, Ellebedy AH. Maturation of germinal center B cells after influenza virus vaccination in humans. J Exp Med. 2024 Aug 5;221(8):e20240668. PMID:38935072 doi:10.1084/jem.20240668
|
