Structural highlights
Function
FUS_MEASE Class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and plasma cell membrane fusion, the heptad repeat (HR) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and plasma cell membranes. Directs fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. This fusion is pH independent and occurs directly at the outer cell membrane. During viral entry or virus-mediated fusion between infected cells and neighboring susceptible cells, the head domain of the H protein initially binds to its receptor and then the stalk region of the H protein transmits the fusion-triggering signal to the F protein (By similarity). Upon HN binding to its cellular receptor, the hydrophobic fusion peptide is unmasked and interacts with the cellular membrane, inducing the fusion between cell and virion membranes. Later in infection, F proteins expressed at the plasma membrane of infected cells could mediate fusion with adjacent cells to form syncytia, a cytopathic effect that could lead to tissue necrosis (By similarity).[UniProtKB:Q786F3] Some hyperfusogenic isolates can induce membrane fusion in SLAM- and nectin-4-negative cells and are linked to fatal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) or measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE). The neuropathogenicity is closely associated with enhanced propagation mediated by cell-to-cell fusion in the brain, which is principally regulated by hyperfusogenic mutations of the viral F protein. Cell-to-cell transmission of the virus also occurs with hyperfusogenic isolates.[UniProtKB:Q786F3]
