G13secL03Tpc3

From Proteopedia

proteopedia linkproteopedia link

Contents 1 Outer Surface Protein B of Borrelia burgdorferi 2 Introduction 3 Structure 3.1 Interactions 4 Structural changes 4.1 Destruction 5 Application

Outer Surface Protein B of Borrelia burgdorferi

Introduction

Borrelia burgdorferiare motile spirochetes that reside in the gut of hard- bodied deer tick of the family Ixodidae. They are transmitted in humans by the bite of this tick. Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is involved in many serious disorders of the skin, nervous and cardiac system. The bacterium consists of outer surface proteins that play an important role in helping the bacteria colonize and survive in the tick. Of these, a major lipoprotein is Osp B. This outer surface protein has a property of becoming lysed without a direct complement with the antibody. Specifically, the C terminus on the Osp B contains a Lysine residue that recognizes the destructive IgG antibody, H6831. ^[1] The structure and stability of Osp B is affected by this antibody causing the bacteria to lyse.

Structure

spinqualitylabelsall models PDB ID 1RJL Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

spinqualitylabelsall models PDB ID 1RJL Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

Osp B extends from Serine- 157 to Lysine- 296. It consists of twelve anti parallel beta sheets and one alpha helix. Sheets 1- 4 form a freestanding sheet, where sheets 5-12 form a barrel like domain. The Fab binding domain is in the center of the central beta sheet, residues 152-296.^[2]

Interactions

The structure of Osp B shows that there are three exposed loops that are affected by the antibody, H6831. The majority of interaction occurs between the antibody’s heavy chain and on the lipoprotein, residues 250-254. The loop forms electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interactions with the antibody's heavy chain. Lysine 253, which resides on Loop 2, plays an important role in the recognition of the antibody, thus the antibody having the most interaction with loop 2. The Lysine interacts with the antibody by forming hydrogen bonds with the glutamine and histidine on the heavy chain of H6831. , residues 231-233, also interacts with the Fab heavy chain by forming two hydrogen bonds. , residues 272-276, interacts with the Fab light chain of the antibody with two hydrogen bonds. ^[2] Loop 3 contains Threonine 276, an amino acid that, along with Lysine 253, contributes most to the contact and binding of H6831 to OspB.

Structural changes

A more significant that occurs during the bactericidal Fab complex is the removal of OspB's first four beta sheets. Surrounding sheets shift and overlap to replace the missing sheets. The removal of these sheets can affect the outer surface protein and make the bacteria more susceptible to lysis.

Destruction

The bacteria lyses indirectly. The proteolytic activity of the antibody on the bacteria is presumably similar to a membrane attack complex (MAC). The complement system activates the classical pathway, activating effector proteins which insert themselves in the outer membrane of the bacteria and disrupting it and causing death to the cell. ^[3]

Application

Under pressure in the presence of antibodies, OspB is capable of existing in various forms. Mutations occur in the residue of Lysine 253, the epitope of H6831, and may prevent Borrelia from being recognized and lysed by bactericidal Fabs such as H6381. ^[4] The study of this structure of Osp B is important to combat future mechanisms of curing Lyme disease. Vaccines created to specifically fight OspB have not yet been successful, due to the increased variability of the epitope. Vaccine are not yet able to counteract the varied strains of Borrelia burgdorferi. However, the ability of H6381 and CB2 to make the bacteria subject to increased proteolytic activity is a possibility for future research, as it is still currently misunderstood.

References: