Glutathione peroxidase

From Proteopedia

Glutatione peroxidase 1 complex with glycerol and ammonium ion, 3e0u Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Function Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage[1]. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human. GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide[2]. GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular and is the major oxidative stress-inducible GPX in lungs. GPX3 is abundant in plasma. GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide[3]. GPX5 protects spermatozoa from effects of lipid peroxidation[4]. GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H2O2 independent of glutathione[5]. Relevance Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX3 is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma[6]. GPX4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury[7]GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function[8].

3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase

Updated on 16-March-2023

References

1. ↑ Arthur JR. The glutathione peroxidases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1825-35. PMID:11215509
2. ↑ Lei XG, Cheng WH, McClung JP. Metabolic regulation and function of glutathione peroxidase-1. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:41-61. PMID:17465855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093716
3. ↑ Ran Q, Liang H, Ikeno Y, Qi W, Prolla TA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. Reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 increases life span through increased sensitivity to apoptosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Sep;62(9):932-42. PMID:17895430
4. ↑ Hall L, Williams K, Perry AC, Frayne J, Jury JA. The majority of human glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5) transcripts are incorrectly spliced: implications for the role of GPX5 in the male reproductive tract. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):5-9. PMID:9639555
5. ↑ Peng D, Belkhiri A, Hu T, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Wilson KT, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut. 2012 Sep;61(9):1250-60. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID:22157330 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078
6. ↑ Saga Y, Ohwada M, Suzuki M, Konno R, Kigawa J, Ueno S, Mano H. Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a candidate mechanism of anticancer drug resistance of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2008 Dec;20(6):1299-303. PMID:19020706
7. ↑ Ran Q, Gu M, Van Remmen H, Strong R, Roberts JL, Richardson A. Glutathione peroxidase 4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury and amyloid toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Jul;84(1):202-8. PMID:16673405 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20868
8. ↑ Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):540-51. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:23580780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612