Function
Glycosyltransferase (GT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide to alcohol, carbohydrate, protein or inorganic phosphate[1].
Galactosyltransferase (AGT) is a GT which catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides[2].
Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT (GTB) or histo-blood group ABO system transferase is the basis of the blood ABO system. It involves 3 carbohydrate antigens: A, B and H.
Flavonoid GT glycosylates flavonoids (plant metabolites with two phenyl rings and one heterocyclic ring)[3]. For details on flavonoid GT see Vitis vinifera Flavonoid 3-O-Glucosyltransferase (Vv3GT).
Relevance
Individuals with blood type A, B and AB has glycosyltransferase activitiy which converts antigen H to A or B. Individuals with blood type O lack this activity. For details see Human ABO(H) Blood Group Glycosyltransferases.
Disease
Mutations in mannose GT can cause muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorder[4].
Structural highlights
The of cyclodextrin GT contains [5]. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
3D structures of glycosyltransferase
Glycosyltransferase 3D structures