Function
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a nuclear receptor activated by all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid. RAR makes a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR). In the absence of ligand, the RAR/RXR complex binds the hormone response elements complexed with corepressor protein. Upon binding of the ligand, the corepressor disassociates from the receptor and associates with the coactivator leading to transcription activation. RAR contains a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD). There are 3 classes of RAR: α, β and γ.
- RARα plays an important role in mediating all-transretinoic acid signals[1].
- RARβ is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer cells in vitro[2].
- RARγ interacts with nuclear receptor co-repressor 1.
See details of RAR/RXR complex in RA Mediated T-reg Differentiation.
See also Intracellular receptors
Relevance
RARα is associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells[3]. RARβ is a prognostic indicator in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer[4].
Disease
RAR and RXR are important in a number of tumor cell models[5].
Structural highlights
The .[6]
3D structures of retinoic acid receptor
Retinoic acid receptor 3D structures