Function
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) stimulate the exchange of the inactive GDP-bound GTPase to its active GTP-bound form. Binding of GEF to GDP-GTPase catalyzes the dissociation of GDP from the protein[1]. GEF domains include the catalytic DH/PH (Dbl Homology/Pleckstrin Homology) domain; the CH (Calponin Homology) domain is believed to be involved in calcium regulation; the SH3 domain interacts with proline-rich sequences.
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 binds to G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals.
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 acts on RHOA and RHOB involved in bone biology.
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 act on Rac1.
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 mutations involved in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy[2].
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 mediates Rho-myosin light chain signaling pathways at cell-cell junctions[3].
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 regulates tissue architecture and function via RhoA activation[4].
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25 involved in contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
Disease
Increased GEF activity is involved in cancer cell proliferation by affecting Rho GTPases [5].
3D Structures of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3D structures
