Function
Semaphorin (SEMA) are membrane proteins which act as axonal growth guidance molecules. SEMA act as short-range inhibitory signal[1]. SEMA and Plexin are crucial for the development and homeostasis of nervous, immune and cardiovascular systems. There are 8 classes of SEMA numbered 1 to 7 and V (viral). Each class has several subgroups which share similar characteristics.
- Semaphorin 3 is needed for normal patterning and growth of nerves, bones and heart[2].
- Semaphorin 4D acts through its receptor to tip the balance of bone homeostasis toward resorption [3].
- Semaphorin 6D is part of the complex involved in macrophage polarization [4].
- Semaphorin 7A promotes axon growth through integrins and MAPKs [5].
Relevance
SEMAs ar implicated in a number of developmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders[6]. SEMA 3A is a marker for disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus[7].
Structural insights
SEMA interacts with plexin C1 via 3 regions: , and [8]. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
3D structures of semaphorin
Semaphorin 3D structures
