Xylosidase

Function

Xylosidase (XYL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α- or β-glycosidic linkages.

• α-XYL catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-β-D-glycosidic or exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-β-D-glycosidic linkage from the non-reducing termini of xylans^[1]. XYL catalyzes the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose xylan to xylose.
• β-XYL catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-β-D-glycosidic or endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-β-D-glycosidic linkage^[2].
• α-XYL family 31 catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-xylosyl from isoprimeverose^[3].
• β-XYL family 3 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-β-D-glycosidic or endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-β-D-glycosidic linkage^[4].
• β-XYL family 43 and β-XYL family 52 degrade xylooligosaccharides^[5], ^[6].
• β-XYL family 120 degrades xylobiose and xylotriose^[7].
• β-XYL/glucosidase bifunctional enzyme active on beta-xylosides and beta-glucosides.

Structural highlights

The active site of α-xylosidase contains the xyloglucan and nucleophilic water^[8]. Water molecules are shown as red spheres. Ni/Cl complex.

3D Structures of xylosidase

Xylosidase 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Moracci M, Cobucci Ponzano B, Trincone A, Fusco S, De Rosa M, van Der Oost J, Sensen CW, Charlebois RL, Rossi M. Identification and molecular characterization of the first alpha -xylosidase from an archaeon. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 21;275(29):22082-9. PMID:10801892 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M910392199
2. ↑ Martinez GA, Chaves AR, Civello PM. beta-xylosidase activity and expression of a beta-xylosidase gene during strawberry fruit ripening. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2004 Feb;42(2):89-96. PMID:15283123 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2003.12.001
3. ↑ Nakamichi Y, Matsuzawa T, Watanabe M, Yaoi K. Crystal structure of glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-xylosidase from a soil metagenome. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2022 Jun 25;86(7):855-864. PMID:35441671 doi:10.1093/bbb/zbac058
4. ↑ Kojima K, Sunagawa N, Mikkelsen NE, Hansson H, Karkehabadi S, Samejima M, Sandgren M, Igarashi K. Comparison of Glycoside Hydrolase family 3 beta-xylosidases from basidiomycetes and ascomycetes reveals evolutionarily distinct xylan degradation systems. J Biol Chem. 2022 Feb 1:101670. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101670. PMID:35120929 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101670
5. ↑ Falck P, Linares-Pastén JA, Adlercreutz P, Karlsson EN. Characterization of a family 43 β-xylosidase from the xylooligosaccharide utilizing putative probiotic Weissella sp. strain 92. Glycobiology. 2016 Feb;26(2):193-202. PMID:26494804 doi:10.1093/glycob/cwv092
6. ↑ Bravman T, Belakhov V, Solomon D, Shoham G, Henrissat B, Baasov T, Shoham Y. Identification of the catalytic residues in family 52 glycoside hydrolase, a beta-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 18;278(29):26742-9. PMID:12738774 doi:10.1074/jbc.M304144200
7. ↑ Rohman A, Dijkstra BW, Puspaningsih NNT. β-Xylosidases: Structural Diversity, Catalytic Mechanism, and Inhibition by Monosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 6;20(22):5524. PMID:31698702 doi:10.3390/ijms20225524
8. ↑ Larsbrink J, Izumi A, Ibatullin F, Nakhai A, Gilbert HJ, Davies GJ, Brumer H. Structural and enzymatic characterisation of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 31 alphaxylosidase from Cellvibrio japonicus involved in xyloglucan saccharification. Biochem J. 2011 Mar 22. PMID:21426303 doi:10.1042/BJ20110299