1jxq
From Proteopedia
Structure of cleaved, CARD domain deleted Caspase-9
Structural highlights
FunctionCASP9_HUMAN Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).[1] Isoform 2 lacks activity is an dominant-negative inhibitor of caspase-9.[2] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedA critical step in the induction of apoptosis is the activation of the apoptotic initiator caspase 9. We show that at its normal physiological concentration, caspase 9 is primarily an inactive monomer (zymogen), and that activity is associated with a dimeric species. At the high concentrations used for crystal formation, caspase 9 is dimeric, and the structure reveals two very different active-site conformations within each dimer. One site closely resembles the catalytically competent sites of other caspases, whereas in the second, expulsion of the "activation loop" disrupts the catalytic machinery. We propose that the inactive domain resembles monomeric caspase 9. Activation is induced by dimerization, with interactions at the dimer interface promoting reorientation of the activation loop. These observations support a model in which recruitment by Apaf-1 creates high local concentrations of caspase 9 to provide a pathway for dimer-induced activation. Dimer formation drives the activation of the cell death protease caspase 9.,Renatus M, Stennicke HR, Scott FL, Liddington RC, Salvesen GS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14250-5. PMID:11734640[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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