1txq

Structural highlights

Disease

DCTN1_HUMAN Defects in DCTN1 are the cause of distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 7B (HMN7B) [MIM:607641; also known as progressive lower motor neuron disease (PLMND). HMN7B is a neuromuscular disorder. Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} Defects in DCTN1 are a cause of susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [MIM:105400. ALS is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons, and resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. The etiology is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors.^{[5] [6]} Defects in DCTN1 are the cause of Perry syndrome (PERRYS) [MIM:168605; also called parkinsonism with alveolar hypoventilation and mental depression. Perry syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy, sleep disturbances, exhaustion and marked weight loss. Parkinsonism develops later and respiratory failure occurred terminally.^[7]

Function

DCTN1_HUMAN Required for the cytoplasmic dynein-driven retrograde movement of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Dynein-dynactin interaction is a key component of the mechanism of axonal transport of vesicles and organelles.

Evolutionary Conservation

Checkto colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

• Dynactin
• End-binding protein
• Microtubule-associated protein 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Puls I, Jonnakuty C, LaMonte BH, Holzbaur EL, Tokito M, Mann E, Floeter MK, Bidus K, Drayna D, Oh SJ, Brown RH Jr, Ludlow CL, Fischbeck KH. Mutant dynactin in motor neuron disease. Nat Genet. 2003 Apr;33(4):455-6. Epub 2003 Mar 10. PMID:12627231 doi:10.1038/ng1123
2. ↑ Levy JR, Sumner CJ, Caviston JP, Tokito MK, Ranganathan S, Ligon LA, Wallace KE, LaMonte BH, Harmison GG, Puls I, Fischbeck KH, Holzbaur EL. A motor neuron disease-associated mutation in p150Glued perturbs dynactin function and induces protein aggregation. J Cell Biol. 2006 Feb 27;172(5):733-45. PMID:16505168 doi:10.1083/jcb.200511068
3. ↑ Farrer MJ, Hulihan MM, Kachergus JM, Dachsel JC, Stoessl AJ, Grantier LL, Calne S, Calne DB, Lechevalier B, Chapon F, Tsuboi Y, Yamada T, Gutmann L, Elibol B, Bhatia KP, Wider C, Vilarino-Guell C, Ross OA, Brown LA, Castanedes-Casey M, Dickson DW, Wszolek ZK. DCTN1 mutations in Perry syndrome. Nat Genet. 2009 Feb;41(2):163-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.293. Epub 2009 Jan 11. PMID:19136952 doi:10.1038/ng.293
4. ↑ Moore JK, Sept D, Cooper JA. Neurodegeneration mutations in dynactin impair dynein-dependent nuclear migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 31;106(13):5147-52. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0810828106. Epub 2009 Mar 11. PMID:19279216 doi:10.1073/pnas.0810828106
5. ↑ Munch C, Sedlmeier R, Meyer T, Homberg V, Sperfeld AD, Kurt A, Prudlo J, Peraus G, Hanemann CO, Stumm G, Ludolph AC. Point mutations of the p150 subunit of dynactin (DCTN1) gene in ALS. Neurology. 2004 Aug 24;63(4):724-6. PMID:15326253
6. ↑ Munch C, Rosenbohm A, Sperfeld AD, Uttner I, Reske S, Krause BJ, Sedlmeier R, Meyer T, Hanemann CO, Stumm G, Ludolph AC. Heterozygous R1101K mutation of the DCTN1 gene in a family with ALS and FTD. Ann Neurol. 2005 Nov;58(5):777-80. PMID:16240349 doi:10.1002/ana.20631
7. ↑ Farrer MJ, Hulihan MM, Kachergus JM, Dachsel JC, Stoessl AJ, Grantier LL, Calne S, Calne DB, Lechevalier B, Chapon F, Tsuboi Y, Yamada T, Gutmann L, Elibol B, Bhatia KP, Wider C, Vilarino-Guell C, Ross OA, Brown LA, Castanedes-Casey M, Dickson DW, Wszolek ZK. DCTN1 mutations in Perry syndrome. Nat Genet. 2009 Feb;41(2):163-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.293. Epub 2009 Jan 11. PMID:19136952 doi:10.1038/ng.293