Structural highlights
Function
EI2BA_YEAST Acts as a non-essential regulatory component of the translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2-B or GCD complex), which catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-bound GDP for GTP and is regulated by phosphorylated eIF-2. It activates the synthesis of GCN4 in yeast under amino acid starvation conditions by suppressing the inhibitory effects of multiple AUG codons present in the leader of GCN4 mRNA. It may promote either repression or activation of GCN4 expression depending on amino acid availability. Modulation of GCN3 regulatory function in response to amino acid availability occurs post-translationally.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is controlled by signals and stresses via a common pathway, called the integrated stress response (ISR). Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 alpha at a conserved serine residue mediates translational control at the ISR core. To provide insight into the mechanism of translational control we have determined the structures of eIF2 both in phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms bound with its nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B by electron cryomicroscopy. The structures reveal that eIF2 undergoes large rearrangements to promote binding of eIF2alpha to the regulatory core of eIF2B comprised of the eIF2B alpha, beta and delta subunits. Only minor differences are observed between eIF2 and eIF2alphaP binding to eIF2B, suggesting that the higher affinity of eIF2alphaP for eIF2B drives translational control. We present a model for controlled nucleotide exchange and initiator tRNA binding to the eIF2/eIF2B complex.
The structural basis of translational control by eIF2 phosphorylation.,Adomavicius T, Guaita M, Zhou Y, Jennings MD, Latif Z, Roseman AM, Pavitt GD Nat Commun. 2019 May 13;10(1):2136. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10167-3. PMID:31086188[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Cigan AM, Bushman JL, Boal TR, Hinnebusch AG. A protein complex of translational regulators of GCN4 mRNA is the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for translation initiation factor 2 in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jun 1;90(11):5350-4. PMID:8506384
- ↑ Pavitt GD, Ramaiah KV, Kimball SR, Hinnebusch AG. eIF2 independently binds two distinct eIF2B subcomplexes that catalyze and regulate guanine-nucleotide exchange. Genes Dev. 1998 Feb 15;12(4):514-26. PMID:9472020
- ↑ Adomavicius T, Guaita M, Zhou Y, Jennings MD, Latif Z, Roseman AM, Pavitt GD. The structural basis of translational control by eIF2 phosphorylation. Nat Commun. 2019 May 13;10(1):2136. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10167-3. PMID:31086188 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10167-3
