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Structural highlights

Disease

PRKDC_HUMAN Severe combined immunodeficiency due to DNA-PKcs deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

PRKDC_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination. Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties. Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V(D)J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step. Required to protect and align broken ends of DNA. May also act as a scaffold protein to aid the localization of DNA repair proteins to the site of damage. Found at the ends of chromosomes, suggesting a further role in the maintenance of telomeric stability and the prevention of chromosomal end fusion. Also involved in modulation of transcription. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Phosphorylates DCLRE1C, c-Abl/ABL1, histone H1, HSPCA, c-jun/JUN, p53/TP53, PARP1, POU2F1, DHX9, SRF, XRCC1, XRCC1, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, WRN, MYC and RFA2. Can phosphorylate C1D not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. Ability to phosphorylate p53/TP53 in the presence of supercoiled DNA is dependent on C1D. Contributes to the determination of the circadian period length by antagonizing phosphorylation of CRY1 'Ser-588' and increasing CRY1 protein stability, most likely through an indirect machanism. Interacts with CRY1 and CRY2; negatively regulates CRY1 phosphorylation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

See Also

• DNA ligase 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Soubeyrand S, Pope L, Pakuts B, Hache RJ. Threonines 2638/2647 in DNA-PK are essential for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 15;63(6):1198-201. PMID:12649176
2. ↑ Wechsler T, Chen BP, Harper R, Morotomi-Yano K, Huang BC, Meek K, Cleaver JE, Chen DJ, Wabl M. DNA-PKcs function regulated specifically by protein phosphatase 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 3;101(5):1247-52. Epub 2004 Jan 20. PMID:14734805 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307765100
3. ↑ Ma Y, Lu H, Tippin B, Goodman MF, Shimazaki N, Koiwai O, Hsieh CL, Schwarz K, Lieber MR. A biochemically defined system for mammalian nonhomologous DNA end joining. Mol Cell. 2004 Dec 3;16(5):701-13. PMID:15574326 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.017
4. ↑ Yavuzer U, Smith GC, Bliss T, Werner D, Jackson SP. DNA end-independent activation of DNA-PK mediated via association with the DNA-binding protein C1D. Genes Dev. 1998 Jul 15;12(14):2188-99. PMID:9679063
5. ↑ Chaplin AK, Hardwick SW, Stavridi AK, Buehl CJ, Goff NJ, Ropars V, Liang S, De Oliveira TM, Chirgadze DY, Meek K, Charbonnier JB, Blundell TL. Cryo-EM of NHEJ supercomplexes provides insights into DNA repair. Mol Cell. 2021 Aug 19;81(16):3400-3409.e3. PMID:34352203 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.005