7xcb

Structural highlights

Function

IL9_MOUSE Multifunctional cytokine secreted mainly by T-helper 2 lymphocytes and also mast cells or NKT cells that plays important roles in the immune response against parasites (PubMed:11070175, PubMed:19433802). Affects intestinal epithelial permeability and adaptive immunity (PubMed:12704113). In addition, induces the differentiation of specific T-cell subsets such as IL-17 producing helper T-cells (TH17) and also proliferation and differentiation of mast cells (PubMed:11070175, PubMed:19433802). Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL9R subunit and a signal transducing subunit IL2RG (PubMed:2145361, PubMed:7718508). Receptor stimulation results in the rapid activation of JAK1 and JAK3 kinase activities leading to STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5-mediated transcriptional programs (PubMed:10464327). Induction of differentiation genes seems to be mediated by STAT1 alone, while protection of cells from apoptosis depends on STAT3 and STAT5 (PubMed:10464327).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

See Also

• Interleukin 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, Groner B, Renauld JC. Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9. J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 3;274(36):25855-61. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.36.25855. PMID:10464327 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.36.25855
2. ↑ Townsend JM, Fallon GP, Matthews JD, Smith P, Jolin EH, McKenzie NA. IL-9-deficient mice establish fundamental roles for IL-9 in pulmonary mastocytosis and goblet cell hyperplasia but not T cell development. Immunity. 2000 Oct;13(4):573-83. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00056-x. PMID:11070175 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00056-x
3. ↑ Khan WI, Richard M, Akiho H, Blennerhasset PA, Humphreys NE, Grencis RK, Van Snick J, Collins SM. Modulation of intestinal muscle contraction by interleukin-9 (IL-9) or IL-9 neutralization: correlation with worm expulsion in murine nematode infections. Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2430-8. doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2430-2438.2003. PMID:12704113 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.5.2430-2438.2003
4. ↑ Elyaman W, Bradshaw EM, Uyttenhove C, Dardalhon V, Awasthi A, Imitola J, Bettelli E, Oukka M, van Snick J, Renauld JC, Kuchroo VK, Khoury SJ. IL-9 induces differentiation of TH17 cells and enhances function of FoxP3+ natural regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 4;106(31):12885-90. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.0812530106. Epub 2009 May 11. PMID:19433802 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812530106
5. ↑ Druez C, Coulie P, Uyttenhove C, Van Snick J. Functional and biochemical characterization of mouse P40/IL-9 receptors. J Immunol. 1990 Oct 15;145(8):2494-9. PMID:2145361
6. ↑ Kimura Y, Takeshita T, Kondo M, Ishii N, Nakamura M, Van Snick J, Sugamura K. Sharing of the IL-2 receptor gamma chain with the functional IL-9 receptor complex. Int Immunol. 1995 Jan;7(1):115-20. doi: 10.1093/intimm/7.1.115. PMID:7718508 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/7.1.115