Journal:JBIC:32

Analyzing the Catalytic Role of Active Site Residues in the Fe-Type Nitrile Hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni Ni1

Salette Martinez, Rui Wu, Karoline Krzywda, Veronika Opalka, Hei Chan, Dali Liu, and Richard C. Holz ^[1]

Molecular Tour
Active site of wild-type Fe-type nitrile hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni Ni1 (CtNHase, PDB ID: 4fm4) in ball-and-stick form is shown. A strictly conserved active site arginine residue (αR157) and two histidine residues (αH80 and αH81) located near the active site of the CtNHase, were mutated. The wild-type is in dark magenta, αH80A/αH81A mutant is in green, αH80W/αH81W is in orange, and the αR157A mutant is in deep sky blue. Click here to see animation of this scene. These mutant enzymes were examined for their ability to bind iron and hydrate acrylonitrile. For the αR157A mutant, the residual activity (k_cat = 10 ± 2 s−1) accounts for less than 1 % of the wild-type activity (k_cat = 1100 ± 30 s^-1) while the K_m value is nearly unchanged at 205 ± 10 mM. On the other hand, mutation of the active site pocket αH80 and αH81 residues to alanine resulted in enzymes with k_cat values of 220 ± 40 and 77 ± 13 s^-1, respectively, and K_m values of 187 ± 11 and 179 ± 18 mM. The double mutant (αH80A/αH81A) was also prepared and provided an enzyme with a k_cat value of 132 ± 3 s^-1 and a K_m value of 213 ± 61 mM. These data indicate that all three residues are catalytically important, but not essential. X-ray crystal structures of the αH80A/αH81A, αH80W/αH81W, and αR157A mutant CtNHase enzymes were solved to 2.0, 2.8, and 2.5 Å resolutions, respectively. In each mutant enzyme, hydrogen-bonding interactions crucial for the catalytic function of the αCys104-SOH ligand are disrupted. Disruption of these hydrogen bonding interactions likely alters the nucleophilicity of the sulfenic acid oxygen and the Lewis acidity of the active site Fe(III) ion. Superposition of the αβ heterodimer, the regions with pronounced difference between the wild-type and the mutant enzymes are indicated. Click here to see animation of this scene.

PDB references: Mutant R157A of Fe-Type Nitrile Hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni Ni1, 4zgd; Double Mutant H80W/H81W of Fe-Type Nitrile Hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni Ni1, 4zge; Double Mutant H80A/H81A of Fe-Type Nitrile Hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni Ni1, 4zgj.